Tested Material Used To CWAP-404 Test Engine Exam Questions in here [Dec-2024]
Penetration testers simulate CWAP-404 exam PDF
NEW QUESTION # 91
The network administrator at ABC Engineering has taken a large packet capture from one of their APs running in monitor mode. She has very little knowledge of 802.11 protocols but would like to use the capture file to evaluate the overall health and performance of their wireless network.
When she asks your advice, which tool do you recommend she opens the packet capture file with?
- A. WLAN scanner
- B. Spectrum analyzer
- C. Python
- D. Capture visualization tool
Answer: D
Explanation:
A capture visualization tool is a software application that can open a packet capture file and display various graphs, charts, tables, and statistics that illustrate the characteristics and behavior of the wireless network. A capture visualization tool can help a network administrator with little knowledge of 802.11 protocols to evaluate the overall health and performance of their wireless network by providing a visual and intuitive representation of the captured data. A spectrum analyzer is a hardware device that measures the radio frequency signals in a given frequency range and displays their amplitude, frequency, and modulation. A spectrum analyzer can help identify sources of interference and noise in the wireless environment, but it cannot open a packet capture file. Python is a programming language that can be used to write scripts or applications that manipulate or analyze packet capture files, but it requires coding skills and knowledge of
802.11 protocols. A WLAN scanner is a software application that scans for available wireless networks and displays information such as SSID, BSSID, channel, signal strength, security type, and vendor. A WLAN scanner can help discover wireless networks and their basic parameters, but it cannot open a packet capture file.
NEW QUESTION # 92
You are using the real-time FFT display of a spectrum analyzer. In what domain does this show the RF energy detected in the swept frequencies?
- A. Time
- B. Frequency
- C. Phase
- D. Length
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 93
Which common feature of a Spectrum Analyzer would be the best to help you locate a non-
802.11 interference source?
- A. Max hold
- B. Location filter
- C. Waterfall plot
- D. Device finder
Answer: D
Explanation:
The device finder is a common feature of a spectrum analyzer that helps locate a non-802.11 interference source. The device finder uses a directional antenna to measure the signal strength of a specific frequency or signal source. By pointing the antenna in different directions, the device finder can indicate the direction and distance of the interference source. The device finder can also filter out other signals that are not related to the interference source. The other options are not correct, as they do not help locate a non-802.11 interference source. Max hold and min hold are features that show the maximum and minimum RF power levels over time, respectively.
Location filter is a feature that filters out signals that are not from a specific location or area.
NEW QUESTION # 94
As the WLAN engineer in your organization, you must troubleshoot performance problems related to co- channel interference (CCI).
What is a good measurement of CCI impact in addition to the number of APs seen on a channel?
- A. Utilization
- B. Non-Wi-Fi device count
- C. The frequency used
- D. Retries
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 95
What should the To DS and From DS flags be to set to in an Association Response frame?
- A. To DS = 1, From DS = 1
- B. To DS = 0, From DS = 0
- C. To DS = 0, From DS = 1
- D. To DS = 1, From DS = 0
Answer: C
Explanation:
The To DS and From DS flags should be set to 0 in an Association Response frame. An Association Response frame is a type of management frame that is transmitted by an AP to accept or reject an association request from a STA. The To DS (To Distribution System) and From DS (From Distribution System) flags are two bits in the Frame Control field of the MAC header that indicate whether a frame is destined for or originated from the DS (Distribution System), which is a system that connects multiple BSSs together. The To DS and From DS flags can have four possible combinations: 00, 01, 10, or 11. For an Association Response frame, which is sent from an AP to a STA within a BSS, both flags should be set to 0.
NEW QUESTION # 96
What should the To DS and From DS flags be to set to in an Association Response frame?
- A. To DS = 1, From DS = 1
- B. To DS - 1, From DS = 0
- C. To DS = 0, From DS = 1
- D. To DS - 0, From DS = 0
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The To DS and From DS flags should be set to 0 in an Association Response frame. An Association Response frame is a type of management frame that is transmitted by an AP to accept or reject an association request from a STA. The To DS (To Distribution System) and From DS (From Distribution System) flags are two bits in the Frame Control field of the MAC header that indicate whether a frame is destined for or originated from the DS (Distribution System), which is a system that connects multiple BSSs together. The To DS and From DS flags can have four possible combinations: 00, 01, 10, or 11. For an Association Response frame, which is sent from an AP to a STA within a BSS, both flags should be set to 0. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 121-122
NEW QUESTION # 97
Given: ABC Company recorded the 2.4 GHz band with a spectrum analyzer prior to installing their ERP WLAN. Image-A is how the band appeared prior to the WLAN installation. Image-B is how the band appears now, and all channels on their WLAN have ceased to function.
What is the best explanation as to why their WLAN is no longer functioning properly?
- A. A new microwave oven was installed in the cafeteria.
- B. A malfunctioning IEEE 802.11 OFDM radio card is transmitting continuously.
- C. A Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR) is causing a DFS response across the entire band.
- D. A manual site survey tool is actively testing the throughput of their WLAN.
- E. A wideband RF power source is corrupting all IEEE 802.11 transmissions.
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 98
When performing protocol analysis, you notice a high number of RTS/CTS frames being transmitted on an HT network. You suspect this may be due to HT protection mechanisms. Where in the Beacon frame would you look to determine which one of the four HT protection modes the AP is operating in?
- A. HT Protection Element
- B. Non-HT Present Element
- C. HT Operation Element
- D. HT Information Element
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
When performing protocol analysis, you would look at the HT Information Element in the Beacon frame to determine which one of the four HT protection modes the AP is operating in. The HT Information Element contains various subfields that provide information about the HT network configuration and operation. One of these subfields is the HT Protection field, which indicates whether any protection mechanisms are required for mixed-mode operation with non-HT STAs. The four possible values for this field are:
No Protection: No protection mechanisms are required.
Non-member Protection: RTS/CTS or CTS-to-self protection is required for all HT transmissions.
20 MHz Protection: RTS/CTS or CTS-to-self protection is required for all HT transmissions using a 40 MHz channel.
Non-HT Mixed Mode: All HT transmissions must use a non-HT preamble and header . References:
CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 11:
802.11n/ac/ax PHYsical Layer Frame Exchanges, page 378; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 11: 802.11n/ac/ax PHYsical Layer Frame Exchanges, page 379.
NEW QUESTION # 99
How is the length of an AIFS calculated?
- A. SIFS * Slot Time + AIFSN
- B. SIFS + AIFS * Time Unit
- C. AIFSN * Slot Time + SIFS
- D. DIFS + SIFS + AIFSN
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The length of an AIFS (Arbitration Interframe Space) is calculated by multiplying the AIFSN (Arbitration Interframe Space Number) by the Slot Time and adding the SIFS (Short Interframe Space). An AIFS is a variable interframe space introduced by 802.11e to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories (ACs). An AC is a logical queue that corresponds to a QoS (Quality of Service) level for different types of traffic. Each AC has a different AIFSN value, which determines how long it has to wait before attempting to access the medium. A lower AIFSN value means a higher priority and a shorter waiting time.
The Slot Time is a fixed value that depends on the PHY type and channel width. The SIFS is the shortest interframe space that is used for high-priority transmissions, such as ACKs or CTSs. The formula for calculating the AIFS length is: AIFS = AIFSN * Slot Time + SIFS. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 7: QoS Analysis, page 194-195
NEW QUESTION # 100
An HT STA does not receive an ACK for a first-attempt data frame that it transmitted. Assuming this STA is not using BlockAcks in this case, what happens to the HT STA's EDCA contention window?
- A. The contention window is not affected by failed Data frame delivery.
- B. It varies because the backoff algorithm is random.
- C. The contention window is immediately closed, and the frame is retransmitted.
- D. The contention window approximately doubles in size.
- E. The slot time within the contention window decreases by 50%.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 101
Which piece of information is not transmitted in an HT PPDU header?
- A. MCS index
- B. PPDU length
- C. Channel number
- D. Number of Spatial Streams
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The channel number is not transmitted in an HT PPDU header. An HT PPDU header is a part of the PPDU that contains information such as modulation, coding, data rate, and number of spatial streams for an 802.11n transmission. The channel number is not included in the HT PPDU header, as it is determined by the frequency band and channel width that are used by the transmitter and receiver. The channel number can be inferred from the frequency band and channel width, which are indicated by bits in different fields of the HT PPDU header, such as HT-SIG and HT-LTF. The other options are not correct, as they are transmitted in an HT PPDU header. The number of spatial streams, PPDU length, and MCS index are indicated by bits in the HT-SIG field of the HT PPDU header. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 108-109
NEW QUESTION # 102
Prior to a retransmission what happens to the CWmax value?
- A. Increases by 1
- B. Reset to 0
- C. Set to the value of the AIFSN
- D. Doubles and increases by 1
Answer: D
Explanation:
Before a retransmission, the CWmax (Contention Window maximum) value doubles and increases by 1. The CWmax is a parameter that determines the upper limit of the random backoff time that a STA (station) has to wait before attempting to access the medium. The random backoff time is chosen from a range of values between CWmin (Contention Window minimum) and CWmax. The CWmin and CWmax values depend on the AC (Access Category) of the traffic and the PHY type of the STA. If a transmission fails due to a collision or an error, the STA has to retransmit the frame after waiting for another random backoff time. However, to reduce the probability of another collision, the STA increases its CWmax value by doubling it and adding 1.
This increases the range of possible backoff values and spreads out the STAs more evenly. The STA resets its CWmax value to its original value after a successful transmission or after reaching a predefined limit.
NEW QUESTION # 103
You are troubleshooting a client that is experiencing slow WLAN performance. As part of the troubleshooting activity, you start a packet capture on your laptop close to the client device. While analyzing the packets, you suspect that you have not captured all packets transmitted by the client. By analyzing the trace file, how can you confirm if you have missing packets?
- A. Look for gaps in the sequence number in MAC headers.
- B. The missing packets will be shown as CRC errored packets
- C. Retransmission are an indication of missing packets
- D. Protocol Analyzers show the number of missing packets in their statistics view
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
One way to confirm if you have missing packets in your packet capture is to look for gaps in the sequence number in MAC headers. The sequence number is a 12-bit field in the MAC header that is used to identify and order data frames within a traffic stream. The sequence number is incremented by one for each new data frame transmitted by a STA, except for retransmissions, fragments, and control frames. The sequence number can range from 0 to 4095, and then wraps around to 0. If you see a jump or a gap in the sequence number between two consecutive data frames from the same STA, it means that you have missed some packets in between. The other options are not correct, as they do not confirm if you have missing packets in your packet capture. CRC errored packets are packets that have been corrupted during transmission and have failed the error detection check. Protocol analyzers may show the number of CRC errored packets in their statistics view, but not the number of missing packets. Retransmissions are an indication of packet loss or collision, but not necessarily of missing packets in your capture. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 114-115
NEW QUESTION # 104
Where would you look in a packet trace file to identify the configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS?
- A. In the Minimum Basic Rate Element in a Beacon frame
- B. In the MBR Action frame
- C. Supported Rates & Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame
- D. In the MBR Information Element in an Association Response frame
Answer: C
Explanation:
The configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS can be identified by looking at the Supported Rates and Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame. A Beacon frame is a type of management frame that is transmitted by an AP to advertise its presence and capabilities to potential clients. A Beacon frame contains various information elements (IEs) that provide details about the BSS configuration and operation. The Supported Rates and Extended Supported Rates IEs list the data rates that are supported by the AP for data transmission. The MBR is the lowest data rate among these supported rates that is required for all clients to join and communicate with the BSS. The MBR is usually marked with a flag bit in these IEs to indicate its mandatory status. The other options are not correct, as they do not exist or do not indicate the MBR of a BSS.
NEW QUESTION # 105
In the frame decode shown, there are two sets of supported data rates. 1, 2, 5.5, and 11 Mbps are all shown as "basic" data rates, and 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps are shown simply as supported data rates.
What is true of "basic" data rates in this context?
- A. Basic rates are only used for multicast traffic, and do not affect unicast traffic.
- B. Basic rates are defined in an AP's service set to specify mandatory data rates for all retry frames.
- C. The highest data rate set to Basic is automatically used to send broadcast traffic such as Beacon frames.
- D. Basic rates are optional data rates for the BSS, often used for assuring connectivity for legacy stations.
- E. The AP requires all client stations to support Basic rates in order to associate to its BSS.
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 106
A new firmware has been released for the AP model you use in your WLAN.
You have more than 120 of these APs installed.
What is a good reason for applying a firmware update on an enterprise AP?
- A. Enable 4x4:4 spatial streams on a 3x3:3 AP
- B. Disable lower data rates
- C. Enable the short guard interval
- D. Enable new security features and patch vulnerabilities
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 107
Given: The exhibit shows a small network environment with dual-band APs.
What is true of the network shown in this spectrum analyzer trace?
- A. There are at least three APs operating in this environment.
They are operating on channels 149, 153, and 161. - B. Only one AP in this network is configured to use the upper UNII band (UNII-3).
All other APs are in lower 5 GHz channels. - C. There are two 40 MHz BSSs in this environment.
One AP has some 40 MHz traffic while the other AP has no client traffic. - D. Two 802.11a APs are near the spectrum analyzer and are heavily utilized on channels 149 and
153.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 108
What is the formula used to calculate the Duration field value in an RTS frame?
- A. RTS Duration field = Data or management to be sent frame duration
- B. RTS Duration field = Data or management frame to be sent duration + CTS duration + one ACK duration + three SIFS
- C. RTS Duration field = CTS duration
- D. RTS Duration field = Data or management frame to be sent duration + CTS duration
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 109
What Interframe space would be expected between a CTS and a Data frame?
- A. AIFS
- B. PIFS
- C. SIFS
- D. DIFS
Answer: C
Explanation:
The interframe space that would be expected between a CTS (Clear to Send) and a Data frame is SIFS (Short Interframe Space). A SIFS is the shortest interframe space that is used for high- priority transmissions, such as ACKs (Acknowledgements), CTSs, or data frames that are part of a fragmentation or aggregation process. A SIFS is a fixed value that depends on the PHY type and channel width. A CTS and a Data frame are part of a virtual carrier sense mechanism called RTS/CTS (Request to Send/Clear to Send), which is used to avoid collisions and hidden node problems in wireless transmissions. When a STA (station) wants to send a data frame, it first sends an RTS frame to the intended receiver, indicating the duration of the transmission. The receiver then responds with a CTS frame, also indicating the duration of the transmission. The other STAs in the vicinity hear either the RTS or the CTS frame and update their NAV (Network Allocation Vector) timers accordingly, deferring their access to the medium until the transmission is over. The sender then sends the data frame after waiting for a SIFS, followed by an ACK frame from the receiver after another SIFS. The other options are not correct, as they are not used between a CTS and a Data frame. A PIFS (PCF Interframe Space) is used for medium access by the PCF (Point Coordination Function), which is an optional and rarely implemented polling-based mechanism that provides contention-free service for time-sensitive traffic. An AIFS (Arbitration Interframe Space) is used for medium access by different ACs (Access Categories), which are logical queues that correspond to different QoS (Quality of Service) levels for different types of traffic. An AIFS is a variable interframe space that depends on the AIFSN (Arbitration Interframe Space Number) value of each AC. A DIFS (Distributed Interframe Space) is used for medium access by the DCF (Distributed Coordination Function), which is the default and mandatory contention-based mechanism that provides best-effort service for normal traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 110
As a wireless network consultant you have been called in to troubleshoot a high-priority issue for one of your customers. The customer's office is based on two floors within a multi-tenant office block. On one of these floors (floor 5) users cannot connect to the wireless network. During their own testing the customer has discovered that users can connect on floor 6 but not when they move to the floor 5. This issue is affecting all users on floor 5 and having a negative effect on productivity. To troubleshoot this issue, you perform both Spectrum and Protocol Analysis. The Spectrum Analysis shows the presence of Bluetooth signals which you have identified as coming from wireless mice. In the protocol analyzer you see the top frame on the network is Deauthentication frames. On closer investigation you see that the Deauthentication frames' source addresses match the BSSISs of your customers APs and the destination address is FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF. What do you conclude from this troubleshooting exercise?
- A. The CCI from the APs on the floor 4 is the problem and you need to ask the tenant below to turn down their AP's Tx power
- B. The customers APs are misbehaving and a technical support case should be open with the vendor
- C. The customer should replace all their Bluetooth wireless mice as they are stopping the users on floor 5 from connecting to the wireless network
- D. The users on floor 5 are being subjected to a denial of service attack, as this is happening across the entire floor it is likely to be a misconfigured WIPS solution belonging to the tenants on the floor below
Answer: D
Explanation:
The users on floor 5 are being subjected to a denial of service attack, as this is happening across the entire floor it is likely to be a misconfigured WIPS solution belonging to the tenants on the floor below. This is because the Deauthentication frames have a source address that matches the BSSIDs of the customer's APs and a destination address that is a broadcast address (FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF). This indicates that someone is sending spoofed Deauthentication frames to all STAs associated with the customer's APs, causing them to disconnect from the wireless network. This is a common type of DoS attack on wireless networks, and it could be caused by a rogue device or a WIPS solution that is configured to protect the wireless network of another tenant on the floor below.
NEW QUESTION # 111
......
Authentic Best resources for CWAP-404 Online Practice Exam: https://www.validdumps.top/CWAP-404-exam-torrent.html
Get the superior quality CWAP-404 Dumps with explanations waiting just for you, get it now: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1AiVBLWu85ghlXD8NOO1zvmrq6kpFpkhL